how to become a cyber security engineer

 As indicated by the Colombian Association of Systems Engineers, Colombia endured more than 4.4 billion endeavored cyberattacks in the principal quarter of the year because of the utilization of social designing, which utilizes mental control and cooperations for clients to uncover secret data. 

As per Yavar Jarrah Nezhad, an educator at the College of Engineering, this training, which includes control, impact or duplicity to access data or frameworks, has expanded in light of the fact that layers of modern PC security are fixed in seconds on the grounds that an individual, out of trust, absence of information or recklessness, uncovers data to somebody who attempts to submit a digital assault how to become a cyber security engineer. 

"Social designing is particularly risky in light of the fact that it depends on human mistake, as opposed to weaknesses in programming and working frameworks. Authentic client mistakes are substantially less unsurprising, making it hard to recognize and frustrate the assault. The absence of innovative schooling, the absence of sufficient security advancements and simple access are a portion of the reasons why there is an expansion in such assaults, "says Professor Jarrah. There is an anticipated four-venture succession to uncovering social designing assaults, regularly alluded to as the "assault cycle": 

As indicated by the PC security master, "First the casualty is explored to assemble the vital foundation data. The assailant at that point moves to acquire their trust and give motivators to ensuing activities that break security rehearses, for example, uncovering delicate data or giving admittance to basic assets. "

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 What is social engineering and why is the approach to cybersecurity changing?

This concept, which specifically refers to the modality through which the attacker makes a detailed follow-up of the victim, collecting information and looking for a space outside the increasingly elaborate computer security systems, human psychology.

The social engineer uses the study of users' digital consumption to create a profile of the victim, but also pays special attention to their daily behavior outside the technological environment: going out to restaurants, shopping centers or any recurring or predictable activity.

The offender's ability consists of converting the data obtained into opportunities to attack, through techniques that generate curiosity, a sense of urgency or fear in the possible victims, according to their profile and according to the information they want to obtain.

TOO GOOD TO BE TRUE

Have you received invitations or "promotions" in which they offer you access to free movie or music streaming services? Surely. Believe it or not, this is still an effective way to collect personal and business data.

Now, imagine that this is just a random attempt by cybercriminals. Social engineering goes one step further and generates segmented actions aimed at capturing the data of a certain person through:

Wifi access points

Phone calls

Instant messaging and SMS

External USB memory

THE PHISHING

It is the most effective modality of social engineering attacks. It is about the theft of data, credentials and passwords through malicious emails in which impersonating brands, people and even job profiles, with a click of the victim can generate the installation of malware, freezing the system as part of an attack of ransomware or the theft of confidential information.

"91% of cyberattacks start with a spear phishing email"

CYBER CRIME AS A SERVICE

It is such a profitable business that there is currently a criminal environment dedicated to creating and providing phishing attacks, using global botnets to avoid the use of suspicious IP ranges, in the best style of the most sophisticated marketing strategies. In many cases with better results.

This is how we are beginning to see BEC (Business Email compromise) scams, a dangerous new subset of phishing attacks that allows attackers to expand their profits by targeting high-value corporate targets cyber security engineer careers.

TRACKING LEVEL (CLICS) OF PHISHING EMAILS

social engineering

Source: Verizon 2016 DBIR & Experian Email Benchmark Report Q4 2016

Signs to watch out for to discover potential phishing attempts, take note:

cyber security engineer careers

 According to the Colombian Association of Systems Engineers, Colombia suffered more than 4.4 billion attempted cyberattacks in the first quarter of the year due to the use of social engineering, which uses psychological manipulation and interactions for users to reveal confidential information.

According to Yavar Jarrah Nezhad, a professor at the College of Engineering, this practice, which involves manipulation, influence or deception to gain access to information or systems, has increased because layers of sophisticated computer security are undone in seconds because a person, out of trust, lack of knowledge or carelessness, reveals information to someone who tries to commit a cyber attack cyber security engineer careers.

“Social engineering is especially dangerous because it is based on human error, rather than vulnerabilities in software and operating systems. Legitimate user errors are much less predictable, making it difficult to identify and thwart the attack. The lack of technological education, the lack of adequate security technologies and easy access are some of the reasons why there is an increase in such attacks, ”says Professor Jarrah. There is a predictable four-step sequence to uncovering social engineering attacks, often referred to as the "attack cycle":

According to the computer security expert, “First the victim is investigated to gather the necessary background information. The attacker then moves to gain their trust and provide incentives for subsequent actions that break security practices, such as revealing sensitive information or granting access to critical resources. "

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 The computer

Most of the components of a medium network are individual computers, also called hosts; they are generally workstations or servers .

Cards of red

To achieve the link between computers and transmission media ( network cables or physical media for wired and infrared networks or radio frequencies for wireless networks ), it is necessary to intervene a network card or NIC (Network Card Interface) with which data packets can be sent and received from and to other computers, using a protocol for their communication and converting this data to a format that can be transmitted by the medium (bits 0's / 1's). It should be noted that each network card is assigned a unique identifier by its manufacturer, known as MAC (Media Access Control) address, which consists of 48Bits (6 Bytes ). Said identifier allows directing the data traffic of the network from the sender to the appropriate receiver.

The job of the network adapter is to convert the electrical signals that travel through the cable (eg: Ethernet Network ) or radio waves (eg: Wifi Network ) into a signal that the computer can interpret.

These adapters are PCI cards that plug into expansion slots on your computer. In the case of notebook computers, these cards come in PCMCIA format . In some modern computers, both desktop and laptop, these cards are already built into the motherboard.

Network adapter is the generic name given to the devices in charge of carrying out this conversion. This means that these adapters can be both Ethernet and Wireless , as well as other types such as fiber optic , Coaxial , etc. Also the available speeds vary according to the type of adapter; These can be 10, 100 or 1000 Mbps in Ethernet, and 11 or 55 Mbps in wireless.

Types of work sites

There are many types of workstations that can be incorporated into a particular network, something which has exhibits high-end systems with multiple CPUs , large amounts of RAM , large amounts of storage space on hard disk , or other components required for special data processing tasks, graphics, or other resource intensive applications. (See also the network computer).

Types of servers

In the following lists there are some common types of servers and their purposes.

File Server - Stores various types of files and distributes them to other clients on the network.

Print Server - controls one or more printers and accepts print jobs from other clients on the network, queuing print jobs (although you can also change the priority of different prints), and performing most or all other functions that on a job site it would be done to accomplish a printing task if the printer were directly connected to the printer port of the job site.

Mail Server - Stores, sends, receives, routes, and performs other email- related operations for clients on the network.

Fax Server : Stores, sends, receives, routes and performs other functions necessary for the proper transmission, reception and distribution of Faxes .

Telephony server : performs functions related to telephony, such as an answering machine , performing the functions of an interactive system for voice response, storing voice messages, routing calls and also controlling the network or the Internet ; p. Eg, excessive voice IP ( VoIP ) gateway .

Proxy server : performs certain kinds of functions on behalf of other clients on the network to increase the performance of certain operations (eg, prefetching and depositing documents or other data that are requested very frequently). It also serves security; that is, it has a Firewall (firewall). Allows you to manage internet access on a computer network by allowing or denying access to different websites.

Remote Access Server (RAS) : controls the Modem lines of the monitors or other communication channels of the network so that requests connect to the network from a remote location, answer incoming telephone calls or recognize the request from the network and perform the necessary security checks and other procedures necessary to register a user on the network.

Usage Server : Performs the Logical part of the computing or business of a client use, accepting instructions for operations to be performed from a job site and serving the results in turn to the job site, while the site Worker performs the Operator Interface or the GUI portion of the process (that is, the presentation logic) that is required to work properly.

Web server : stores HTML documents , images, text files , scripts, and other web material composed of data (collectively known as content), and distributes this content to customers who request it on the network.

Backup Server - You have the Network Backup Software installed and have large amounts of network storage on hard drives or other forms of storage (tape) available for use to ensure that the loss of a server main does not affect the network. This technique is also called clustering .

Printers : many printers are capable of acting as part of a computer network without any other device, such as a "print server" , to act as an intermediary between the printer and the device that is requesting a print job to be finished latest network+ certification.

Terminal : many networks use this type of equipment instead of workstations for data entry. These data are only displayed or entered. This type of terminal works against a server, which is the one who actually processes the data and sends data screens to the terminals.

Other devices : there are many other types of devices that can be used to build a network, many of which require an understanding of more advanced computer networking concepts before they can be easily understood (eg, cubes, routers, bridges, switches, hardware firewalls ). In home and mobile networks, connecting consumer electronics to devices such as video game consoles is becoming more and more common.

Authentication server : It is in charge of verifying that a user can connect to the network at any access point, whether wireless or cable, based on the 802.1x standard and can be a RADIUS-type server.

DNS server : This type of servers resolve domain names without having to know their IP address.

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 Does the A + certification require attending any class?

You do not have to take any specific course to earn an A + certification; You just have to pass your two exams . But as CompTIA recommends, learning and testing go hand in hand, each increasing success for the other. An analysis of candidates for CompTIA certification shows that exam passing rates are significantly higher among those who trained compared to those who did not jobs with network plus certification.

Even if you're comfortable with your general IT knowledge, it's a good idea to brush up on what the exams cover. It is always better to sit down on an exam terminal when you know what to ask for.

Most of the bookstores in the chain carry a large number of exam study materials in the A + certification. You can also order books online. "Exam Cram" and "A + Certification for Dummies" are known to work well as preparation tools. To access one of the CompTIA-approved books, see the "CompTIA A + Certification Exam Guide, Ninth Edition" by Mike Meyers.

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 A computer network , also called a computer network or computer network , is a set of equipment ( computers and / or devices) connected by cables, signals, waves or any other method of data transport, which share information ( files ) , resources ( CD-ROM , printers ), services ( internet access , E-mail , chat , games ) jobs that require network+ certification.

A communications network is a set of technical means that allow remote communication between autonomous equipment (non-hierarchical -master / slave-). Normally it is about transmitting data, audio and video by electromagnetic waves through various transmission media (air, vacuum, copper cable, fiber optic cable ).

To simplify communication between programs (applications) on different computers, the OSI model was defined by the ISO , which specifies 7 different layers of abstraction. With this, each layer develops a specific function with a defined scope.

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 Public organization: a public organization is characterized as an organization that can be utilized by anybody and not as organizations that are designed with an individual secret phrase. It is an organization of interconnected PCs, equipped for sharing data and permitting clients to impart paying little mind to their geological area. 

Private organization: a private organization would be characterized as an organization that can be utilized exclusively by certain individuals and that is arranged with an individual secret word. 

Individual Area Network (PAN) : (Personal Area Network) is a PC network utilized for correspondence between PC gadgets (telephones including individual computerized associates) close to an individual. The gadgets could conceivably have a place with the individual being referred to. The scope of a PAN is commonly a couple of meters. Dish can be utilized for correspondence between their own gadgets (intrapersonal correspondence), or to associate with a significant level organization and the Internet (an up connection). Individual region organizations can be wired to PC transports, for example, USB and FireWire. A remote individual zone organization (WPAN) can likewise be made conceivable with network advancements such asIrDA and Bluetooth . 

Neighborhood (LAN) : an organization that is restricted to a moderately little unique zone, for example, a room, a solitary structure, a boat, or a plane. Neighborhood are now and again called a solitary area organization. Note: For authoritative purposes, enormous LANs are for the most part partitioned into more modest intelligent portions called workgroups . A Workgroups is a gathering of PCs that share a typical arrangement of assets inside a LAN. 

Virtual neighborhood (VLAN) : A Virtual LAN or usually known as VLAN , is a gathering of PCs, with a typical arrangement of assets to share and prerequisites, that impart as though they were connected to a coherent division of organizations of PCs in which everything hubs can arrive at one another by methods for Broadcast in the information interface layer, in spite of their diverse actual area. With this, PCs can be legitimately assembled so the area of the organization is no more so related and limited to the actual area of every PC, just like the case with a LAN, likewise giving security, adaptability and asset investment funds. To accomplish this, the IEEE 802.1Q particular has been set up as a standard intended to address the issue of how to isolate truly extremely long organizations into little parts, just as give an elevated level of security between inward organization portions while having the opportunity to oversee them paying little mind to their actual area 

Grounds Area Network (CAN) : It is determined to an organization that associates at least two LANs which should be associated in a particular geographic zone, for example, a University Campus , an Industrial Complex or a Military Base . 

Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) : An organization that interfaces at least two neighborhood together however doesn't stretch out past the prompt city limits, or the Metropolitan Area . Switches ( switches ) different switches ( Switch ) and the center points are associated with make a MAN comptia network plus. 

Wide Area Network (WAN) : It is an information correspondences network that covers a moderately wide geological territory and frequently utilizes the transmission offices gave by basic transporters, for example, phone organizations. The WAN Technologies by and large work in the lower three layers of the OSI reference model : the actual layer , the information connect layer and the organization layer . 

Capacity region organization (SAN) : An organization intended to associate workers, clusters (exhibits) circle and supporting libraries. Principally, it depends on fiber or iSCSI innovation. Its capacity is to rapidly, securely and dependably associate the different stockpiling components that make it up. 

Unpredictable organization : It is an arrangement of links and transports that are associated through a Modem , and that outcomes in the association of at least one PCs. This organization is like the blended one, just it doesn't follow the boundaries introduced in it. A considerable lot of these cases are generally utilized in many organizations.