Function process

In a fiber optic transmission system there is a transmitter that is in charge of transforming electromagnetic waves into optical or light energy, which is why it is considered the active component of this process. Once the light signal is transmitted by the tiny fibers, at a third end of the circuit there is a third component, called an optical detector or receiver, whose mission is to transform the light signal into electromagnetic energy, similar to the original signal. .

The basic transmission system is composed in this order of input signal, amplifier, light source, optical corrector, fiber optic line (first section), splice, optical fiber line (second section), optical corrector, receiver, amplifier and output signal.

In summary, it can be said that this communication process, the optical fiber works as a means of transporting the light signal, generated by the transmitter of LED'S (light emitting diodes) and laser fiber optic splicer salary .

Light emitting diodes and laser diodes are suitable sources for transmission via fiber optics, since their output can be rapidly controlled by means of bias current. In addition their small size, their luminosity, wavelength and the low voltage necessary to handle them are attractive features.

Devices implicit in this process

The main blocks of a fiber optic communication link are: transmitter, receiver and fiber guide. The transmitter consists of an analog or digital interface, a voltage to current converter, a light source, and a light source to fiber adapter.

The fiber guide is an ultra pure glass or plastic cable. The receiver includes a fiber-to-light detector connector device, a photo detector, a current-to-voltage converter, a voltage amplifier, and an analog or digital interface. In a fiber-optic transmitter, the light source can be modulated by an analog signal or digital.

Coupling impedances and limiting the amplitude of the signal or in digital pulses. The voltage-to-current converter serves as an electrical interface between the input circuits and the light source.

The light source can be an LED light emitting diode or an ILD laser injection diode, the amount of light emitted is proportional to the excitation current, therefore the voltage to current converter converts the input signal voltage into a current that is used to direct the light source. The source to fiber connection is a mechanical interface whose function is to couple the light source to the cable.

Fiber optics consists of a fiberglass or plastic core, a jacket, and a protective layer. The coupling device of the light fiber detector is also a mechanical coupler.

The light detector is generally a PIN diode or an APD ( avalanche photodiode ). Both convert light energy into current. Consequently, a current-to-voltage converter is required that transforms changes in detector current to changes in voltage in the output signal.

Fiber optic sensors

Optical fibers can be used as sensors to measure tension, temperature, pressure, and other parameters. The small size and the fact that no electric current flows through them gives it certain advantages over the electric sensor.

Optical fibers are used as hydrophones for earthquakes or sonar applications. Hydrophonic systems with more than 100 sensors have been developed using fiber optics. Hydrophones are used by the oil industry as well as the navies of some countries. The German company Sennheiser developed a microphone that worked with a laser and fiber optics.

Fiber optic sensors for temperature and pressure have been developed for oil wells. These sensors can work at higher temperatures than semiconductor sensors. Another use of fiber optics as a sensor is the optical gyroscope used by the Boeing 767 and the use in hydrogen microsensors.

illumination

Another use that we can give to fiber optics is to illuminate any space. Due to the advantages that this type of lighting represents in recent years, it has begun to be widely used.

Among the advantages of fiber lighting we can mention:

• Absence of electricity and heat: This is because the fiber only has the ability to transmit light beams, and the lamp that illuminates the fiber is not in direct contact with it.
• You can change the color of the lighting without having to change the lamp: This is because the fiber can transport the light beam of any color regardless of the color of the fiber.
• With a lamp you can make a wider illumination by means of fiber: This is because with a lamp you can illuminate several fibers and place them in different places fiber optics installer jobs.
• More uses of fiber optics
• It can be used as a waveguide in medical or industrial applications where a light beam needs to be guided to a target that is not in line of sight.
• Fiber optics can be used as a sensor to measure stresses, temperature, pressure as well as other parameters.
• Fiber patch cords can be used in conjunction with lenses to make long, thin viewing instruments called endoscopes. Endoscopes are used in medicine to visualize objects through a small hole. Industrial endoscopes are used for similar purposes, such as for inspecting the interior of turbines.
• Optical fibers have also been used for decorative uses including lighting, Christmas trees.
• Subscriber lines.
• Optical fibers are widely used in the field of lighting. For buildings where light can be collected on the roof and carried by fiber optics to any part of the building.
• It is also used to trick the sensory system of taxis causing the taximeter (some call it token) to not mark the actual cost of the trip.
• It is used as a component in the preparation of translucent concrete, an invention created by the Hungarian architect Ron Losonczi, which consists of a mixture of concrete and fiber optics forming a new material that offers the strength of the concrete but additionally, has the particularity of allowing the light wide.