Function process

In a fiber optic transmission system there is a transmitter that is in charge of transforming electromagnetic waves into optical or light energy, which is why it is considered the active component of this process. Once the light signal is transmitted by the tiny fibers, at a third end of the circuit there is a third component, called an optical detector or receiver, whose mission is to transform the light signal into electromagnetic energy, similar to the original signal. .

The basic transmission system is composed in this order of input signal, amplifier, light source, optical corrector, fiber optic line (first section), splice, optical fiber line (second section), optical corrector, receiver, amplifier and output signal.

In summary, it can be said that this communication process, the optical fiber works as a means of transporting the light signal, generated by the transmitter of LED'S (light emitting diodes) and laser fiber optic splicer salary .

Light emitting diodes and laser diodes are suitable sources for transmission via fiber optics, since their output can be rapidly controlled by means of bias current. In addition their small size, their luminosity, wavelength and the low voltage necessary to handle them are attractive features.

Devices implicit in this process

The main blocks of a fiber optic communication link are: transmitter, receiver and fiber guide. The transmitter consists of an analog or digital interface, a voltage to current converter, a light source, and a light source to fiber adapter.

The fiber guide is an ultra pure glass or plastic cable. The receiver includes a fiber-to-light detector connector device, a photo detector, a current-to-voltage converter, a voltage amplifier, and an analog or digital interface. In a fiber-optic transmitter, the light source can be modulated by an analog signal or digital.

Coupling impedances and limiting the amplitude of the signal or in digital pulses. The voltage-to-current converter serves as an electrical interface between the input circuits and the light source.

The light source can be an LED light emitting diode or an ILD laser injection diode, the amount of light emitted is proportional to the excitation current, therefore the voltage to current converter converts the input signal voltage into a current that is used to direct the light source. The source to fiber connection is a mechanical interface whose function is to couple the light source to the cable.

Fiber optics consists of a fiberglass or plastic core, a jacket, and a protective layer. The coupling device of the light fiber detector is also a mechanical coupler.

The light detector is generally a PIN diode or an APD ( avalanche photodiode ). Both convert light energy into current. Consequently, a current-to-voltage converter is required that transforms changes in detector current to changes in voltage in the output signal.